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Rangkuman Sederhana Tentang Project Management Office (PMO)

Dalam setiap proyek yang dikelola, semua orang pasti menginginkan agar proyek tersebut bisa tepat waktu (on time), tepat anggaran (on budget), dan tepat cakupan (on scope). Akan tetapi tentu dalam pelaksanaannya, setiap proyek pasti memiliki tantangan dan hambatan yang harus ditangani, terlebih jika dalam kondisi  jumlah proyek yang dikerjakan dalam waktu bersamaan jumlahnya banyak. Sudah dapat dipastikan, jika proyek tidak dikelola dengan baik, resource yang mencukupi tetap tidak bisa menutupi semua keperluan proyek yang ada.

Untuk mengatasi masalah ini salah satu solusi paling populer dalam dunia Project Management saat ini adalah Project Management Office (PMO), yang merupakan lembaga dalam perusahaan/organisasi yang berfungsi mengatur prioritas dan pengelolaan sumber daya (resource management) semisal mengalokasikan SDM, peranti kerja (equipment), biaya, waktu, software/aplikasi, dan berbagai sumber daya lainnya.

Definisi PMO

Mengutip dari Wikipedia[1], definisi PMO adalah;

The Project Management Office (PMO) in a business or professional enterprise is the department or group that defines and maintains the standards of process, generally related to project management, within the organization. The PMO strives to standardize and introduce economies of repetition in the execution of projects. The PMO is the source of documentation, guidance and metrics on the practice of project management and execution. In some organisations this is known as the Program Management Office (sometimes abbreviated to PgMO to differentiate); the subtle difference is that program management relates to governing the management of several related projects.

Berikut 2 definisi lain yang dikutip oleh blog PMO Master [2];

Project, Program and Portfolio Office (P3O) Guide defines PMO as: “The decision enabling and support business model for all business change within an organization (OGC, 2008, p.8)”[3]

dan

Parviz F. Rad and Ginger Levin in their book The Advanced Project Management Office described: “PMO is the organizational entity with full-time personnel to provide a focal point for the discipline of project management (St. Lucie Press, 2002, p. 1)”[4]


Fungsi dan Tugas PMO

Rita Mulcahy dalam buku PMP Exam Prep[5] menyebutkan fungsi PMO adalah sebagai berikut:

  • Providing the Policies, Methodologies, and Templates for Managing Projects within the organization,
  • Providing Support and Guidance to others in the organization on how to manage projects, training others in project management or project management software, and assisting with specific project management tools,
  • Providing Project Managers for different projects, and being responsible for the results of those projects (All Projects, or project of a certain size, type or influence, are managed by this office).

Adapun Thomas B. Clark, Ph.D.[6], secara lebih spesifik merinci fungsi dan tugas dari PMO adalah;

  • To provide for ongoing ownership and responsibility for the application of project management in the organization.
  • To provide a permanent home for project management expertise/knowledge, as individuals enter and leave the organization over time.
  • To acquire the tools required to manage projects effectively and efficiently.
  • To ensure the consistent application of project planning and control processes on all projects.
  • To promote concise communication regarding projects within the organization.
  • To provide computer support for the project management process, freeing project managers to focus on building the team and managing the work.
  • To organize and maintain an organizational repository of project information that has value in planning future projects.
  • To conduct portfolio-level analyses (such as workload projections for specific resources) across multiple projects.
  • To continuously improve the project management system and the practice of project management within the organization.

Kapan butuh PMO?

Mengutip dari BAS Consulting Whitepaper[7] yang menyebutkan kondisi-kondisi organisasi yang sudah membutuhkan PMO adalah sebagai berikut:

  • Setiap proyek yang dijalankan tidak dapat memberikan gambaran kontribusi finansial (project portfolio), baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung, kepada perusahaan. Apa itu dalam bentuk Return On Investment, Project Economics, Project Balanced Scorecard, dll.
  • Proyek-proyek dimulai tanpa adanya kolaborasi antara eksekutif fungsional (functional executives) Sumber Daya Manusia yang ada menjalankan pekerjaan multi-tasking hanya untuk membahagiakan para eksekutif fungsional.
  • Terlalu banyak waktu yang diluangkan untuk mengevaluasi anggaran proyek serta biayanya ketimbang evaluasi penurunan project cycle time.
  • Para manajer proyek dan eksekutif seringkali memperdebatkan deadline serta SDM proyek.
  • Para manajer proyek seringkali terbentur masalah SDM proyek karena kurangnya perencanaan SDM yang baik konflik antar manajer proyek sering terjadi, khususnya dalam ‘perebutan’ SDM.
  • Terlalu banyak proyek yang berjalan sehingga seringkali kekurangan SDM.

Hasil PMO

Sebagaimana dikutip dari PM Solutions Research “The State of PMO 2010”[8], hasi riset terakhi mengindikasikan bahawa pada implementasi PMO yang telah ada  telah terbukti memberikan peningkatan performa dengan sebaran sebagai berikut;

  • Decreased in failed project 31%
  • Project deliver under budget 30%
  • Improvement in Productivity 21%
  • Projects deliver ahead schedule 9%
  • Cost saving per project 17%
  • Increase in resource capacity 13%

Referensi:

  1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_management_office
  2. http://pmomaster.wordpress.com/2011/07/04/what-is-a-pmo-the-definition-of-pmo/
  3. OGC (2008), Project, Program, Portfolio Office (P3O) Guide. Crown Publishing, p. 8.
  4. Rad and Levine (2002), The Advance Project Management Office, CRC Press, p1.
  5. http://rahmadib.wordpress.com/2008/04/15/project-management-office-pmo/
  6. http://pmomaster.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/the-project-management-office-by-thomas-b-clark-ph-d.pdf
  7. http://www.pmsolutions.com/collateral/research/State%20of%20the%20PMO%202010%20Research%20Report.pdf
  8. http://www.scribd.com/doc/522640/Apa-itu-PMO

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